ABSTRACT
Castleman's disease (CD) or angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia includes a heterogeneous mix of reactive lymphoproliferative processes with well-defined histological features. However, they differ in their localization patterns, clinical expression and etiopathogenesis. There are 4 types, one of them is the multicentric CD that is not associated with any viruses and has re-cently been called idiopathic MCD (iMCD). iMCD is a lymphoproliferative disorder with specific histopathological characteristics, more than one region of affected lymph nodes and absence of infection associated to human herpesvirus 8 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). iMCD covers multiple differential diagnoses and might simulate autoimmune diseases such as syste-mic lupus erythematosus. The aim of this article is to report the case of a patient with Castle-man's disease and lupus-like presentation. We present the case of a 38-year-old man without morbid history, who presented lumbago, fever, diaphoresis and asthenia with two months of evolution, associated to bilateral cervical adenopathies. General examinations result negative, antinuclear antibodies at a dilution of 1/640 were positive, and extractable nuclear antigens were positive suggesting moderate Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) plus secondary Sjö-gren's. Methylprednisolone and Hydroxycloroquine boli were thus initiated. The patient evolved with anasarca, severe anemia, acidosis, polyserositis and multiple mediastinal adenopathies. Immunoglobulin and cyclophosphamide were thus initiated. He later presented fever, throm-bocytopenia and nephrotic syndrome. Biopsy of cervical lymph node reported lymphadenitis with polyclonal plasmacytosis and concentric lymphoid hyperplasia, in agreement with iMCD. Treatment with Rituximab was initiated, which led to the favorable evolution of the patient. iMCD is a systemic inflammatory disease, its presentation corresponds to a constitutional syndrome resulting in a wide differential diagnosis. Every time suspicious adenopathies appear, they must be biopsied since this might lead to a definitive diagnosis
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Castleman Disease/diagnosis , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , Biopsy , Radiography, ThoracicABSTRACT
En este trabajo se diseñó un material educativo para la enseñanza de la conservación del Cóndor de los Andes (Vultur gryphus) en el Parque Nacional Natural Los Nevados, localizado en la Cordillera Central de Colombia con alturas comprendidas entre 2600 y 5300 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Para la realización de este material se tomó como referentes teóricos el modelo educativo Escuela Nueva, los estándares para la educación en Colombia y los conceptos de lúdica y creatividad. Se realizó una selección de los estándares por grados y por área, y se procedió a estructurar actividades lúdico-creativas de acuerdo con los parámetros establecidos en el modelo educativo Escuela Nueva. El material educativo está compuesto por un texto guía que contiene actividades desde cuatro áreas del conocimiento como lo son las ciencias sociales, las matemáticas, las ciencias naturales y la lengua castellana; y una cartilla que es necesaria para el desarrollo de las actividades que se proponen en el texto guía y contiene la información sobre los aspectos biológicos, ecológicos, literarios y de conservación referentes al cóndor. Se obtuvo un texto guía que contiene seis unidades y 11 guías; y se obtuvo una cartilla con 13 puntos generales sobre el Cóndor de los Andes (Vultur gryphus). El texto guía diseñado ofrece un gran número y variedad de actividades de tipo flexible, lúdicas y creativas que se dinamiza con la cartilla de la especie objeto de conservación. El material educativo diseñado está dirigido a docentes de los centros educativos, facilitadores y promotores ambientales, guías del parque, turistas y a la comunidad en general.
In this work, an educative material was designed for the conservation teaching of the Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) in the Parque Nacional Natural Los Nevados, located in the Central Cordillera of Colombia, with heights ranging between 2600 and 5300 m. There were taken as theoretical referring the Escuela Nueva educational model, the standards for education in Colombia, and the concepts of playful and creativity. We performed a selection of standards by grade and by area and proceeded to organize the activities in accordance with the parameters established in the Escuela Nueva educational model. The educative material consists of a guide text which contains activities from four areas of knowledge such as social sciences, mathematics, natural sciences and the castilian language, and a handbook that is necessary for the development of the activities proposed in the guide text and contains information about biological, ecological, literature and conservation concerning to the condor. The result was a guide text that contains six units and 11 guides, and a handbook with 13 general points of the Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus). The guide text designed offers a great number and variety of flexible, playful and creative activities that is invigorated with the handbook of the specie object of conservation. The educational material designed is aimed at teachers of schools, facilitators and environmental promoters, park guides, tourists and the community in general.
Subject(s)
Humans , Endangered Species , Schools , Teaching , EducationABSTRACT
La determinación de la producción de follaje verde en el primer año de siembra de la Acacia decurrens se realizó en la finca La Ramada, Quindío, a 4° 31' 41" de latitud norte y 75° 32' 41'' de longitud oeste, con una temperatura promedio de 16 °C. Las plantas fueron establecidas con un mes de edad, en surcos paralelos a la pendiente, podadas al alcanzar 1,8 m de altura y defoliadas manualmente simulando el ramoneo que realiza el ganado. Las densidades de siembra fueron: alta, media y baja: 1664, 832 y 416 acacias/hectárea, respectivamente; se realizaron defoliaciones por periodos a los 6, 9 y 12 meses de siembra. Las variables a medir fueron: peso en gramos de follaje verde por árbol e incremento en gramos de follaje verde/árbol/día. Todos los datos fueron analizados por ANOVA. No fue encontrada diferencia significativa (P>0,05) entre las variables analizadas al estudiar las diferentes densidades de siembra. Se evidenció diferencia significativa (P<0,05) entre periodos de defoliación, al analizar la variable de incremento en gramos de follaje verde por día, esto indica, que la producción de gramos de follaje verde fue mejor en el tercer periodo. La producción de follaje verde de la acacia en el primer año no se ve afectada por las diferentes densidades de siembra y hay un incremento de la producción de follaje verde a medida que las acacias incrementan su edad.
The determination of green foliage production of Acacia decurrens in the first planting year, was in La Ramada farm, Quindío, located 4° 31' 41'' of latitude north and 75° 32' 41'' longitude west, an average temperature 16 °C. The age for planting was one month, in parallel rows to the slope, pruning to 1,5 m of high and the acacia's browsing was simulated by manual defoliation; The planting densities were high, medium, and low: 1664, 832 and 416 acacias/hectare, respectively; and the periods o frequency of defoliation was to 6, 9 and 12 months of planting. The variables were grams/tree of foliage production and grams/tree/day of foliage increment. All data were analyzed by ANOVA. In this trial, the planting densities were not significantly (P>0.05), however, between periods the grams/tree/day of foliage increment were significantly (P<0.05), because the better production was in the third defoliation period. Acacia foliage production is similar in the first planting year with three different densities, and the foliage production increment improves with the time.